Figure 2: AGEs could induce the expression of RAGE on HUVECs through RAGE. (a) Expression of RAGE protein in HAS (200 mg/L, above)- and AGE (200 mg/L, below)-treated HUVECs. The expression of RAGE was measured by flow cytometer analyzer. (b) Effects of AGEs on RAGE gene expression in HUVECs. HUVECs were treated with medium, 200 mg/L HSA, 200 mg/L AGEs, and 50 mg/L anti-RAGE + 200 mg/L AGEs. The levels of RAGE gene transcripts were detected by real-time PCR. AGEs: Advanced glycation end-products, RAGE: Receptor for advanced glycation end-products, HUVECs: Human umbilical venous endothelial cells, NF-κB: Nuclear factor-kappa B, MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase, PCR: Polymerase chain reaction